T stage and smoking status were significantly associated with acute radiation oral mucositis with Grade ≥2 (OR = 2.508, P = .001, 95% CI: 1.427-4.408, OR = 6.355, P < .001, 95% CI: 2.533-15.841).The XRCC1 codon 399 genotype in NPC could be an important predicting factor in the risk of acute radiation dermatitis during IMRT.
The meta-analysis showed an expression of polymorphisms in XRCC1 (32.66%), XRCC3 (31.00%), and RAD51 (39.16%) genes, as well as an expression of protein biomarkers (39.57%), in patients with an increased risk of developing oral mucositis.
Our investigation shows, for the first time, that patients with the XRCC1399Arg/Gln genotype were more likely to experience severe acute dermatitis and oral mucositis.
In addition, genetic linkage disequilibrium existed in XRCC1 polymorphisms for >grade 2 oral mucositis and skin reaction indicating the complex inheritance pattern.
Direct correlation of heterozygous and mutant alleles with acute reactions as well as haplotype correlation revealed NBN variants to be of predictive significance in analysing oral mucositis prior to radiotherapy.
The effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mouthwash on radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.
A secondary purpose was to assess the effectiveness of molecular biology methods for measuring TNF-alpha concentrations in plasma, saliva, and buccal epithelial cells in patients with oral mucositis undergoing HSCT.
Compared with blank or vehicle-treated hamsters, the irradiated mucosa treated with phenylbutyrate had significantly lower oxidative stress and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression and less severe oral mucositis of a shorter duration.
Similarly, the frequency of the IL-1beta-511 TC and TT genotypes and the frequency of the TNF-alpha-1031 TT genotype were significantly higher in patients with grades 1-4 thrombocytopenia (P=0.015; Cr-OR=2.9) and stomatitis (P=0.02; Cr-OR=3.1), respectively.
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists achieved complete response for pyoderma gangrenosum in 21%-25% of patients in interventional studies and in 92%-100% patients in non-interventional studies, with similar results for other cutaneous manifestations such as erythema nodosum or stomatitis.
Proinflammatory cytokines (including TNF-α) play a key role in the development of OM.Genetic alterations, i.e. single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within genes encoding for receptors for TNF (ie.TNFRSF1A) may change their function.
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the TNF-α promoter region can potentially affect the function or expression of this cytokine, and thus modulate the risk of occurrence and intensity of OM and shortening of overall survival (OS).
In 2005, palifermin [recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor (KGF)] was approved to decrease the incidence and duration of severe oral mucositis in patients with hematologic malignancies receiving myelotoxic therapy requiring hematopoietic stem cell support.
Specifically, KGF is currently being evaluated in clinical trials sponsored by Amgen (Thousand Oaks, CA) to test its ability to ameliorate severe oral mucositis (OM) that results from cancer chemoradiotherapy.
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor-associated stomatitis (mIAS) is a common adverse event (AE), secondary to mTOR inhibitor therapy, that can have a negative impact on treatment adherence, quality of life, and health care costs.
We are confident that KGF is beneficial in the prevention of oral mucositis in adults who are receiving: a) radiotherapy to the head and neck with cisplatin or fluorouracil; or b) chemotherapy alone for mixed solid and haematological cancers.
Prevention of radiation-induced oral mucositis after adenoviral vector-mediated transfer of the keratinocyte growth factor cDNA to mouse submandibular glands.
Regarding safety, compared with patients who did not receive mTOR inhibitors, those who did had a higher risk of suffering stomatitis (RR = 3.20, 95% CI = 1.49,6.86, P = 0.003).
Prophylactic use of steroid mouth rinse provides a cost-effective option that substantially decreases the incidence and severity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor-associated stomatitis and related oral AEs as well as the need for dose modification in MBC patients undergoing treatment with an mTOR inhibitor.
Oral mucosal toxicities described in this review include mTOR inhibitor-associated stomatitis (mIAS); stomatitis, benign migratory glossitis, and osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with multi-targeted kinase inhibitors of the VEGF and PDGF receptors; mucositis induced by EGFR inhibitors (in monotherapy or in combination with head and neck radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy); hyperkeratotic lesions with BRAF inhibitors; pigmentary changes and lichenoid reactions secondary to imatinib; and more recent data on the "Osler-Weber-Rendu-like syndrome" described with the antibody-drug conjugate, TDM-1.
KGF is currently being evaluated in clinical trials to test its ability to ameliorate severe oral mucositis (OM) that results from cancer chemoradiotherapy.