X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a rare polyuric disorder caused by inactivating mutations in the arginine vasopressin receptor Type 2 (AVPR2) gene.
The aim of this study was to identify mutations in three different genes, the arginine-vasopressin-neurophysin II (AVP-NPII) gene, the arginine-vasopressin receptor 2 (AVPR2) gene, and the vasopressin-sensitive water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) gene in Turkish patients affected by central diabetes insipidus or nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Mutations in AVPR2, the gene encoding V2R, lead to the X-linked congenital form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), a disease characterized by the inability to concentrate urine in response to vasopressin; often this involves missense mutations or deletion of one or a few amino acids.
AQP4-targeted therapies for neuromyelitis optica, enhancement of AQP2 function for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and AQP1-5 gene transfer for the Sjogren's syndrome represent promising therapies that deserve further investigation by clinical trials.
Based on the presentation of the proband and other reported patients with whole gene deletions, we provide further evidence that L1CAM whole gene deletions result in L1 syndrome with a severe phenotype, deletions of PDZD4 do not cause additional manifestations, and that X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus reported in a subset of patients with large L1CAM deletions results from the loss of AVPR2.
Dominant nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), a disease in which the kidney is unable to concentrate urine in response to vasopressin, is caused by AQP2 gene mutations.
New autosomal recessive mutations in aquaporin-2 causing nephrogenic diabetes insipidus through deficient targeting display normal expression in Xenopus oocytes.
• X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by AVPR2 mutations, and disease severity can vary depending on the functional effect of the mutation.
This result might explain the molecular basis of the dominant form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus caused by the mutation E258K-AQP2, in which the phenotype is caused by an impaired routing of AQP2.
Mutations in AQP2 cause autosomal nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), a disease that renders the kidney unresponsive to vasopressin, resulting in polyuria and polydipsia.