We provide in this manuscript a detailed and comprehensive overview of systemic therapy considerations for the following histologic tumor types of the larynx: verrucous carcinoma (VC), HPV-related SCC, basaloid SCC (BSCC), lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC), adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC), typical and atypical carcinoid, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNC), NUT midline carcinomas (NUTMC), melanoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), lymphoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), acinic cell carcinoma, and spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC).
Further, we find that cells with nuclear YAP and TAZ localize to the invasive front in well-differentiated SCC, whereas nuclear YAP is homogeneously expressed in spindle cell carcinoma undergoing EMT We also show that mouse BCC and SCC are enriched for YAP gene signatures.
In this study, we reported one case of pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma and evaluated the safety and efficacy of apatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor selectively targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, in treating this disease.
We sought to better characterize the molecular diversity of SC using mutational signatures that reflect different mutational processes, such as tobacco-associated adducts (signature 4), BRCA1/BRCA2 deficiency (signature 3), or APOBEC enzyme deamination (signatures 2 and 13).
Seventy-four pleomorphic carcinomas (57 with differentiated elements) and 12 spindle cell carcinomas were subjected to immunohistochemistry with CAM5.2, cytokeratin (CK) 7, thyroid transcription factor 1, napsin A, CK5/6, p40, desmocollin 3, Sox2, calretinin, and D2-40.
We conclude that: (1) BAP1 immunohistochemistry is relatively insensitive in the context of sarcomatous and desmoplastic mesotheliomas, but as a matter of time and cost efficiency may nonetheless be a useful first approach to the problem; (2) deletion of p16 by FISH is considerably more sensitive, but there remain a proportion of cases in which p16 is not deleted; (3) a small improvement in sensitivity can be achieved by using both markers; (4) in the context of a spindle cell malignant tumor in the pleura or peritoneum, which morphologically might be a metastatic sarcomatoid carcinoma or a mesothelioma, the finding of BAP1 loss favors mesothelioma, but p16 FISH cannot be used to separate sarcomatous mesotheliomas from sarcomatoid carcinomas.
In this report, we show that mouse skin SpCCs exhibit a high expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and an elevated ratio of its active tyrosine kinase receptor Met versus total Met levels.
To investigate the involvement of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in sarcomatous differentiation, we performed immunohistochemistry for Slug, Twist, ZEB1, and ZEB2, transcription factors associated with EMT and E-cadherin, in 14 cases of SpCC of the esophagus.
We have previously shown that shedding of membrane endoglin, and concomitant release of Sol-Eng is a late event in chemical mouse skin carcinogenesis associated with the development of undifferentiated spindle cell carcinomas (SpCCs).
IGF-1R expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma was observed in 41.4% of samples and was more prevalent in SCC (69.3%) than in ADC (25.1%), large cell carcinoma (33.3%), and sarcomatoid carcinoma (12.2%) (P < .001).
IGF-1R expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma was observed in 41.4% of samples and was more prevalent in SCC (69.3%) than in ADC (25.1%), large cell carcinoma (33.3%), and sarcomatoid carcinoma (12.2%) (P < .001).
IGF-1R expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma was observed in 41.4% of samples and was more prevalent in SCC (69.3%) than in ADC (25.1%), large cell carcinoma (33.3%), and sarcomatoid carcinoma (12.2%) (P < .001).
Our results show the reversion of the malignancy of human squamous cell carcinomas that express increased levels of CYLD, while its functional inhibition enhances the aggressiveness of these tumors which progress toward spindle cell carcinomas.
Down-regulation of the miR-200 family and miR-205 strongly supports the postulated role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in spindle cell carcinoma.
The present case is the first report of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder demonstrating extensive immunohistochemistry and mutational status of KIT and PDGFRA genes.
Immunohistochemistry was performed for Snail, Slug, and SIP1 and demonstrated a positive reaction for Slug and SIP1 in all cases and for Snail in two thirds of SpCC cases.