In patients with MDR TB, miR-155 was lower as compared to healthy controls and TB treated group but higher as compared to TB naïve patients. miR-16 levels were lowest in serum of MDR TB patients compared to TB naïve, TB treated group and healthy controls.
Delamanid (DLM), a nitro-dihydro-imidazooxazole, is a new, well-tolerated anti-TB drug with a low MIC (1 to 12 ng/ml) against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> It is used for the treatment of pulmonary MDR-TB, but pharmacokinetic (PK) data for DLM in the central nervous system (CNS) of patients with TBM are not available.
Our data indicated that DNA sequencing of specific codons of the rpoB gene should be effective for predicting RMP resistance and MDR-TB in rural China.
The review also provides recent advances of the precise studies of induction of immunity including CD8 positive cytotoxic T cells and effector molecules such as granulysin by these vaccines, against multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and extremely drug resistant tuberculosis.
Drug susceptibility testing for second line drugs showed that among the 90 MDR strains, 22.2% (20/90) were resistant to OFX, 2.22% (2/90) to KAN, 3.33% (3/90) to AMK and 1.11% (1/90) to CAP.
Thus, treatment of MDR-TB with very high doses of primary antibiotics particularly administrated by aerial route can produce a very good therapeutic effect, and its hepatic toxicity can be prevented by the administration of HGF, becoming in a new treatment modality for MDR-TB.
We determined the high-resolution allele and haplotype frequencies at the human leucocyte antigen (HLA)A, B and DRB1 loci in the Han population of Hubei province, the TB endemic area of Central China, with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), and established the relationship between HLA-A, B and DRB1 alleles as well as haplotypes and susceptibility to multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB).
Multivariate analysis identified poor past compliance to treatment (odds ratio, OR=6.6; 95% confidence interval, CI [2.0-21.5]), higher number of cavities (OR=6; 95% CI [2.1-17.3]) in chest radiographs and the presence of the HLA-DRB1*14 allele (OR=8.2; 95% CI [2.1-31.3]) as independent predictors of MDR-TB.
While in the subgroup of new TB cases, DRB1*08:01 (p < .0001; OR = 80.3, 95% CI 7.0-917.1) and older age (p < .0001; OR = 3.9, 95% CI 2.4-6.4) were independent susceptibility factors for primary MDR/RR-TB.
Numerous studies report that mutations of rpsL (encoding the S12 protein), rrs (encoding 16S rRNA) and gidB (encoding rRNA methyltransferase) are responsible for conferring resistance to streptomycin (STR), which is usually used in both multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatments and re-treatments in Myanmar.
We evaluated the IFN-γ circuit by studying IFN-γ production after mycobacterial challenge as well as IL-12Rβ1 expression and STAT4 phosphorylation in response to IL-12p70 stimulation in whole blood of a 6-year-old Peruvian girl with disseminated recurrent mycobacterial infection diagnosed as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
IL-23 plays an ambiguous role in T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 profiles: alone, IL-23 is responsible for M. tuberculosis-induced IL-17 and IFN-γ expression in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from PPD<sup>+</sup> HD whereas, together with transforming growth factor (TGF-β), it promotes IL-17<sup>+</sup> IFN-γ<sup>-</sup> expansion in MDR-TB.
We evaluated the IFN-γ circuit by studying IFN-γ production after mycobacterial challenge as well as IL-12Rβ1 expression and STAT4 phosphorylation in response to IL-12p70 stimulation in whole blood of a 6-year-old Peruvian girl with disseminated recurrent mycobacterial infection diagnosed as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
The present findings deepen our understanding of the role of IL-17 in MDR-TB and highlight the influence of the genetic background of the infecting M. tuberculosis strain on the ex-vivo Th17 response.
Our results show that IL-1β and IL-6 are crucial for the H37Rv and M-induced expansion of IL-17<sup>+</sup> interferon (IFN)-γ<sup>-</sup> and IL-17<sup>+</sup> IFN-γ<sup>+</sup> in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from MDR-TB and PPD<sup>+</sup> HD.
IL-23 plays an ambiguous role in T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 profiles: alone, IL-23 is responsible for M. tuberculosis-induced IL-17 and IFN-γ expression in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from PPD<sup>+</sup> HD whereas, together with transforming growth factor (TGF-β), it promotes IL-17<sup>+</sup> IFN-γ<sup>-</sup> expansion in MDR-TB.
Our results demonstrated that strain M was a weaker gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) inducer than H37Rv for group N. Strain M induced the highest interleukin-4 expression in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from MDR- and S-TB patients, along with the lowest cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity in patients and controls.
Our results show that IL-1β and IL-6 are crucial for the H37Rv and M-induced expansion of IL-17<sup>+</sup> interferon (IFN)-γ<sup>-</sup> and IL-17<sup>+</sup> IFN-γ<sup>+</sup> in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from MDR-TB and PPD<sup>+</sup> HD.
Data from the Western Cape revealed that significantly more XDR-TB isolates showed mutations in the inhA promoter than in katG (85.5% vs. 60.9%, P < 0.01), while the respective proportions were equal for INH-resistant non-MDR-TB isolates (∼30%).
Sequencing analysis was performed of the rpoB rifampicin resistance-determining region and the katG gene, the oxyR-ahpC intergenic region, and the inhA promoter region in 259 MDR M. tuberculosis isolates, in 51 isoniazid-resistant isolates, and in 13 rifampicin-resistant isolates.
The objectives of the study were to compare the performance of line probe assay (GenoType MTBDRplus) with solid culture method for an early diagnosis of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), and to study the mutation patterns associated with rpoB, katG and inhA genes at a tertiary care centre in north India.
In brief, the results showed that the REBA MTB-MDR assay efficiently recognized nucleotide changes in the oxyR-ahpC intergenic region as well as those in rpoB, katG and the inhA promoter region with higher sensitivity, resulting in an 81.0 % detection rate for isoniazid resistance.
Drug susceptibility testing for second line drugs showed that among the 90 MDR strains, 22.2% (20/90) were resistant to OFX, 2.22% (2/90) to KAN, 3.33% (3/90) to AMK and 1.11% (1/90) to CAP.