Retroviral mediated transfer of the human multidrug resistance gene (MDR-1) into hematopoietic stem cells during autologous transplantation after intensive chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer.
Retroviral mediated transfer of the human multidrug resistance gene (MDR-1) into hematopoietic stem cells during autologous transplantation after intensive chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer.
In these studies, recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was administered to patients with metastatic breast cancer to increase the number of circulating stem cells.
High tumor levels of ER, PgR, AR and pS2 predict a relatively good response to endocrine therapy, while EGF-R positively, HER2/neu positivity, aneuploidy, high proliferation indices and possibly high uPA levels indicate a high chance of poor response to endocrine therapy in metastatic breast cancer.
High tumor levels of ER, PgR, AR and pS2 predict a relatively good response to endocrine therapy, while EGF-R positively, HER2/neu positivity, aneuploidy, high proliferation indices and possibly high uPA levels indicate a high chance of poor response to endocrine therapy in metastatic breast cancer.
Overexpression of c-erbB-2 protein, the cut-off value being set at 18 ng/mg protein, was observed in 26 of the 139 cases of stages I-IIIB breast cancer (18.7%), four of the 12 cases of stage IV breast cancer (33.3%) and seven of the 13 recurrent breast cancer cases (53.8%).
IGF-receptor expression in cancer tissues and metastatic breast cancer cells supports the hypothesis that IGFs increase tumor cell proliferation in vivo.