No differences were found in the levels of IL-17A, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the diabetes with DE and diabetes without DE groups compared to the normal group (P > .05).
On the contrary, the mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, -6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ were increased in the DE corneas of the control mice and were reduced by all treatments; in particular, IL-6 was significantly suppressed.
Our results suggest a crucial role of inflammatory cytokines, especially IL-17 and TNF-α, in the development of severe dry eye disease in patients with depression.
The cytokine antibody array system identified increased B7‑2 (also known as cluster of differentiation 86), interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑4, IL‑6, IL‑10, matrix metalloproteinase‑8, Fas ligand, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α and metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 levels in the lacrimal gland of the dry eye model.
After injury, dry eyes treated with CM-hUCESCs significantly improved epithelial regeneration and showed reduced corneal macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α) and TNF-α mRNA expression as compared to untreated eyes and eyes treated with culture medium or sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic drops.
These results demonstrate that SS-associated aqueous-deficient dry eye is associated with a significant upregulation of conjunctival epithelial TNF-α mRNA relative to both non-SS DE and control groups.
To investigate changes in corneal nerves positive to substance P (SP) and transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) and gene expression in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) following corneal surgery to unveil peripheral nerve mechanism of induced dry eye-like pain (DELP).
We found that TRPM8 is a pharmacological target of tacrolimus (FK506), a macrolide immunosuppressant with several clinical uses, including the treatment of organ rejection following transplants, treatment of atopic dermatitis, and dry eye disease.
Objective assessment of dry eye disease (DED) severity and ocular inflammation using the InflammaDry® test for extracellular matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and the impact of antiglaucoma eye drops in people with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
The nondiabetes with DE group showed increased levels of IL-17A, IL-1β, and TNF-α in tears compared to the normal group and the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in tears positively correlated with CFS (P < .05).
<b>Results:</b> IL-17 has been shown to exacerbate dry eye disease, viral and bacterial keratitis lesion severity, although it was found to be protective for Acanthamoeba.
After slit-lamp examination and positive findings of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in the patient's tear film, he was diagnosed with meibomian gland dysfunction and tear-insufficiency dry eye disease.
The percentage of CD8⁺IL-17<sup>hi</sup> (<i>p</i> = 0.027) and CD8⁺ interferon gamma (IFNγ)<sup>hi</sup> cells (<i>p</i> = 0.022) were significantly decreased in the IRT-5-treated uveitis models and the percentage of CD8⁺IFNγ<sup>hi</sup> cells was markedly reduced (<i>p</i> = 0.036) in IRT-5-treated dry eye model.
Increased IL-17 and IFN-γ mRNA levels, and decreased expression of neurotrophic factors and neurotransmitters, were also found in the CD207-dDTR+DE mice.
Omega-3 EFAs in a predominantly phospholipid form (krill oil) may confer additional therapeutic benefit, with improvements in DED symptoms and lower basal tear levels of interleukin 17A, relative to placebo.
Hence in this study we determine whether: a) ROS activated NLRP3 inflammasomes mediate hyperosmotic stress-induced inflammation in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs); b) the ROS-NLRP3-IL-1β axis activation is associated with environment-induced DE.