<b>Context:</b> Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3), a protein hormone produced by Leydig cells, may play a crucial role in testicular descent as male INSL3 knockout mice have bilateral cryptorchidism.
In conclusion, the evidence suggests that mutations of INSL3 may not directly contribute to the damage of spermatogenesis in patients with bilateral cryptorchidism history.
The common INSL3G178A polymorphism was not statistically significantly associated with male infertility (P>.05), even though INSL3 is essential for the occurrence of bilateral cryptorchidism.
Two independent studies demonstrated that transgenic mice with a targeted deletion of the insulin-like 3 ( INSL3) gene presented bilateral cryptorchidism.
The phenotype of transgenic mice with targeted deletion of the Insl3 gene was bilateral cryptorchidism with morphological evidence of abnormal gubernacular development.
To assess the functional significance of phospholipid hydroperoxidase glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) under cryptorchidism, PHGPx expression was spatiotemporally analyzed in testes and epididymis excised at 1, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after experimental bilateral cryptorchidism in adult mice.
Xq13.2q21.1 duplication encompassing the ATRX gene in a man with mental retardation, minor facial and genital anomalies, short stature and broad thorax.