In first-degree relatives normal glucose tolerant women, fasting hyperinsulinemia, independently of the presence of metabolic syndrome, is associated with elevated IL-6 and leptin levels, suggesting an increased cardiovascular risk.
In the logistic regression model adjusted for age and sex, higher IL-6 and lower IGF-1 levels confer increased risk of having MetS and its two underlying pathophysiological abnormalities, i.e., visceral obesity and insulin resistance.
Using quantitative real-time PCR, we could show that the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) significantly increased in peripheral blood leukocytes from "MetS" subjects (n=39) compared to "no MetS" subjects (n=35) 2 h after an oral glucose tolerance test (ICAM-1 +52%, TNF-alpha +107%, and IL-6 +38%) and also in vitro after 72 h cultivation in high-glucose medium (ICAM-1 +74%, TNF-alpha +71%, and IL-6 +44%).
Patients with MS showed higher levels of interleukin-6 (IL; 2.1 +/- 1.2 vs. 1.2 +/- 0.9 pg/mL, P < 0.05) and reduced FMV (5.4 +/- 3.9 vs. 8.3 +/- 3.1%, P < 0.05).
Circulating concentrations of adipokines (ie, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, adiponectin, resistin, leptin, and interleukin-6), markers of nitrosative stress (nitrotyrosine), dietary habits, and MTP -493G/T polymorphism were cross-sectionally related to the presence and severity of insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance: >or=2), the metabolic syndrome, and fatty liver in 64 nonobese nondiabetic patients with NAFLD (33 insulin-sensitive and 31 insulin-resistant subjects) and 74 control subjects without liver disease who were matched for sex, BMI, homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance status, and the various features of the metabolic syndrome.
This study investigates whether IL-6 promoter variants -174 G/C and -573 G/C are associated with quantitative traits related to the metabolic syndrome (International Diabetes Federation criteria) in a population of normoglycemic subjects (n=878) from the latest KORA survey (KORA S4).
The present studies suggest that single-nucleotide polymorphisms and composite genotypes or haplotypes of the IL6 promoter may be associated with several features of the metabolic syndrome in Caucasians.