In conclusion, the present meta-analysis indicates that MDM2rs1690916 and rs2279744cannot be considered as genetic risk factors for OS susceptibility in the different populations.
A few cases of ESOS with MDM2 amplification have also been reported, suggesting some similarity to skeletal low-grade osteosarcoma such as parosteal osteosarcoma, where MDM2 is often amplified.
Therefore, when compared with low-grade central and parosteal osteosarcomas, MDM2 and CDK4 markers cannot be used diagnostically to differentiate this subtype of osteosarcoma.