Mammary tumorigenesis in MMTV-PyMT mice, versus non-tumor-bearing wild-type mice, resulted in significant increases in concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, urokinase plasminogen activator, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor, but not aromatase and estrogen, in the plasma.
Mammary tumorigenesis in MMTV-PyMT mice, versus non-tumor-bearing wild-type mice, resulted in significant increases in concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, urokinase plasminogen activator, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor, but not aromatase and estrogen, in the plasma.
ErbB2 (epidermal growth factor receptor-related protein B2) is frequently overexpressed in human breast cancer and is sufficient for mammary tumorigenesis in vivo.
Cystatin M is a secreted inhibitor of lysosomal cysteine proteases and increasing evidences indicate that it is a novel target for epigenetic silencing during mammary tumorigenesis.
ERBB2-overexpressing Becn1(+/+) and Becn1(+/-) immortalized mouse mammary epithelial cells (iMMECs) formed mammary tumors in nude mice with similar kinetics, and monoallelic Becn1 loss did not alter ERBB2- and PyMT-driven mammary tumorigenesis.
TERT-deficient mice displayed marked delays in polyomavirus middle T oncogene-induced (PyMT-induced) mammary tumorigenesis, increased survival, and reductions in tRNA levels.
GATA3, a critical transcription factor involved in the development of the mammary gland, also plays important roles in mammary tumorigenesis by regulating transcription in coordination with two essential DNA repair factors, PARP1 and BRCA1.