We propose that Ad12 infection, actinomycin D and araC all induce a similar or identical global damage arrest signal (perhaps a modification or altered conformation of p53) that preferentially interferes with metaphase condensation of the RNU1 and RNU2 loci.
Adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) infection of human cells induces four chromosomal fragile sites corresponding to the U1 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes (the RNU1 locus), the U2 snRNA genes (RNU2), the U1 snRNA pseudogenes (PSU1), and the 5S rRNA genes (RN5S).
We propose that Ad12 infection, actinomycin D and araC all induce a similar or identical global damage arrest signal (perhaps a modification or altered conformation of p53) that preferentially interferes with metaphase condensation of the RNU1 and RNU2 loci.
Adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) infection of human cells induces four chromosomal fragile sites corresponding to the U1 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes (the RNU1 locus), the U2 snRNA genes (RNU2), the U1 snRNA pseudogenes (PSU1), and the 5S rRNA genes (RN5S).
Remarkably, we now find that very low doses of actinomycin D (5-50 ng/ml) can phenocopy Ad12 infection: metaphase fragility of the RNU1 and RNU2 loci is induced specifically in the absence of virus, and induction also requires U2 promoter elements and p53 function.
Adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) infection of human cells induces four chromosomal fragile sites corresponding to the U1 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes (the RNU1 locus), the U2 snRNA genes (RNU2), the U1 snRNA pseudogenes (PSU1), and the 5S rRNA genes (RN5S).
A similar inhibitory effect of estradiol was found when the wild-type ER alpha was stably transfected in the ER-negative MDA-MB231 cells and 3Y1-Ad12 cancer cells.
With wt Ad5 and Ad12, and Ad12 viruses carrying lesions in the E1A or the 19K E1B genes, there was a pronounced decrease in level of p53 during the course of infection.
With wt Ad5 and Ad12, and Ad12 viruses carrying lesions in the E1A or the 19K E1B genes, there was a pronounced decrease in level of p53 during the course of infection.
With wt Ad5 and Ad12, and Ad12 viruses carrying lesions in the E1A or the 19K E1B genes, there was a pronounced decrease in level of p53 during the course of infection.