Patients with GA were significantly older, with a higher prevalence of reticular pseudodrusen, bilateral involvement of advanced AMD and T-allele frequency of ARMS2A69S compared with those with typical AMD and PCV; although there were no differences in the genetic and clinical characteristics among patients with GA and RAP.
Logistic regression analysis revealed that age (odds ratio [OR]:1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.18; p = 0.002), female gender (OR:4.26; 95%CI: 1.72-10.4; p = 0.002), T-allele at ARMS2A69S (OR: 3.23; 95%CI: 1.36-7.68; p = 0.008) and RAP (OR: 4.25; 95%CI:1.49-12.1; p = 0.007) were risk factors for RPD.
After adjusting for age, gender, ARMS2A69S, and CFHI62V, the A allele of rs429608 was significantly protective against neovascular AMD (odds ratio [OR] 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.122-0.484, p < 0.001), PCV (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.262-0.704, p = 0.001), RAP (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.014-0.581, p = 0.011).
Logistic regression analysis indicated the TT genotype of the ARMS2 gene to be significantly more common in RAP patients (p=1.54×10(-13), odds ratio: 22.18).
Pooled overall odds ratios for RAP/AMD were 1.15 (95% CI 0.60-2.18) for GT versus GG, 3.52 (95% CI 1.25-9.91) for TT versus GG ARMS2, 0.98 (95% CI 0.22-4.29) for GA versus AA, 1.00 (95% CI 0.25-4.02) for GG versus AA CFHI62V, 0.57 (95% CI 0.35-0.93) for CT versus TT CFHY402H, and 0.40 (95% CI 0.22-0.74) for CC versus TT CFHY402H.
The aberrant vessels in the Vldlr(-/-) retinas, which invade normally avascular photoreceptors, are reminiscent of the vascular defects in retinal angiomatous proliferation, a subset of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is associated with high vitreous VEGFA levels in humans.
The association with the CFH Y402 risk allele was less pronounced in RAP patients than in 'non-RAP' CNV patients, while the association with high age and arterial hypertension appeared to be stronger.
To seek an association in Japanese individuals between the CFH polymorphisms Y402H and I62V and the ARMS2 polymorphism A69S and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or its three subtypes: typical (t)AMD, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), and retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP).
Subgroup analysis revealed that the CFH 402HH genotype was significantly more prevalent in eyes with predominantly classic with no occult choroidal neovascularization (CNV) than in those with either retinal angiomatous proliferation, occult with no classic CNV, or predominantly classic with occult CNV.
With FA and SD-OCT, different types of CNV in exudative AMD may be differentiated: type 1 CNV (within the sub-RPE space, typically corresponding to angiographically occult CNV), type 2 CNV (within the subretinal space, typically corresponding to angiographically classic CNV) and type 3 NV (intraretinal retinal angiomatous proliferation).
FGF21 administration also decreased neovascular lesions in two models of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: very-low-density lipoprotein-receptor-deficient mice with retinal angiomatous proliferation and laser-induced choroidal neovascularization.
With FA and SD-OCT, different types of CNV in exudative AMD may be differentiated: type 1 CNV (within the sub-RPE space, typically corresponding to angiographically occult CNV), type 2 CNV (within the subretinal space, typically corresponding to angiographically classic CNV) and type 3 NV (intraretinal retinal angiomatous proliferation).
The aberrant vessels in the Vldlr(-/-) retinas, which invade normally avascular photoreceptors, are reminiscent of the vascular defects in retinal angiomatous proliferation, a subset of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is associated with high vitreous VEGFA levels in humans.
The A allele frequency of rs429608 in the SKIV2L gene was significantly higher in controls (13.9%) than in those with neovascular AMD (5.7%, p = 0.002), PCV (7.2%, p = 0.003) and RAP (3.7%, p = 0.0345).