The high expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 and IL-6 in the serum of patients with cholesteatomatous otitis media were positively correlated with the injury degree of ossicle, which may be a sign of poor prognosis of cholesteatomatous otitis media.
Additionally, the reduced inflammatory factors, including interleukin-1β (IL-lβ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were observed in APT-treated mice with acute otitis media.
Additionally, the reduced inflammatory factors, including interleukin-1β (IL-lβ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were observed in APT-treated mice with acute otitis media.
Expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in the ME also increased significantly on post-inoculation day 1, 2, and 4 in the OM group.
We conclude that Spn bacterial burden in the NP is a major determinant of neutrophil recruitment to the NP and activity during URI and AOM, and that neutrophils are contributors to the secretion of IL-8 and TNF-α in the NP when the Spn burden is high.
We previously found CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) to be a potent effector of inflammation during otitis media (OM): exogenous CCL3 rescues the OM phenotype of tumor necrosis factor-deficient mice and the function of macrophages deficient in several innate immune molecules.
In order to assess the association between gene polymorphisms and otitis media (OM) proneness, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA) -308, interleukin (IL) 10-1082 and -3575, IL6 -597, IL2 -330, and CD14 -159 genotyping was performed in 58 OM-prone children and 85 controls who were exposed to similar number and frequency of environmental and host risk factors.
In order to assess the association between gene polymorphisms and otitis media (OM) proneness, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA) -308, interleukin (IL) 10-1082 and -3575, IL6 -597, IL2 -330, and CD14 -159 genotyping was performed in 58 OM-prone children and 85 controls who were exposed to similar number and frequency of environmental and host risk factors.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-6 (-174 G→C), IL-10 (-592 C→A, -819 C→T and -1082 G→A), TNF-α (-308 G→A), IFN-γ (+874 A→T) and TGF-β1 (codon 10 C→T; codon 25 G→C) genes were investigated and related to clinical course and outcome in 96 infants younger than 9 months with AOM.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-6 (-174 G→C), IL-10 (-592 C→A, -819 C→T and -1082 G→A), TNF-α (-308 G→A), IFN-γ (+874 A→T) and TGF-β1 (codon 10 C→T; codon 25 G→C) genes were investigated and related to clinical course and outcome in 96 infants younger than 9 months with AOM.
Expression of TNF-α and TLR2, which correlates with inflammation in otitis media, was up-regulated in the ears of mutant mice when examined by immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative RT-PCR.
While wild-type mice induced tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF) after non-typeable H. influenzae challenge, TLR2(-/-) and TLR4(-/-) mice lack TNF induction in the early phase of otitis media.
Simultaneous combination of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(-308) and interleukin-6(-174) polymorphisms further increased the risk for otitis media susceptibility.
Simultaneous combination of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(-308) and interleukin-6(-174) polymorphisms further increased the risk for otitis media susceptibility.