Variant Gene Risk Allele Score vda Association Type Original DB Sentence supporting the association PMID PMID Year
dbSNP: rs6277
rs6277
0.020 GeneticVariation BEFREE The allele frequencies of DRD2 C957T were not significantly different between the CWS and the CWNS; however, the frequency of the TT genotype was significantly higher among the CWS (p = 0.02), which was associated with 2.25-fold susceptibility to stuttering (OR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.03 to 4.90, p = 0.04). 30199750

2019

dbSNP: rs6277
rs6277
0.020 GeneticVariation BEFREE This idea is supported by an additional path model showing that the polymorphism DRD2 C957T influences the self-reported severity of stuttering mainly by its influence on neuroticism (independent of the variable sex). 22262089

2012

dbSNP: rs556450190
rs556450190
0.010 GeneticVariation BEFREE Whole-exome sequencing identified two heterozygous AP4E1 coding variants, c.1549G>A (p.Val517Ile) and c.2401G>A (p.Glu801Lys), that co-segregate with persistent developmental stuttering in a large Cameroonian family, and we observed the same two variants in unrelated Cameroonians with persistent stuttering. 26544806

2015

dbSNP: rs760021635
rs760021635
0.010 GeneticVariation BEFREE Whole-exome sequencing identified two heterozygous AP4E1 coding variants, c.1549G>A (p.Val517Ile) and c.2401G>A (p.Glu801Lys), that co-segregate with persistent developmental stuttering in a large Cameroonian family, and we observed the same two variants in unrelated Cameroonians with persistent stuttering. 26544806

2015

dbSNP: rs63751243
rs63751243
GRN
0.010 GeneticVariation BEFREE We describe a patient with a PGRN c.26C>A mutation who presented with progressive stuttering dysarthria, oculomotor abnormalities, choreic buccolingual movements, and mild parkinsonism. 18442119

2008

dbSNP: rs58898021
rs58898021
DES
0.010 GeneticVariation BEFREE In addition, the A357P mutation distorts a unique stutter sequence that is considered to be critically important for proper filament assembly. 12766977

2003

dbSNP: rs121912476
rs121912476
0.010 GeneticVariation BEFREE We have identified the first case of both compound heterozygous dominant (E170K) and recessive (E418K) mutations in any keratin gene and confirmed the significant involvement of the stutter region in the assembly and organization of the keratin intermediate filament network in vitro. 11973334

2002

dbSNP: rs59115483
rs59115483
0.010 GeneticVariation BEFREE We hypothesized that this mutated stutter allele was clinically silent when combined with the wild type allele but aggravates the clinical severity of EBS caused by the E170K mutation on the other allele. 11973334

2002

dbSNP: rs762040846
rs762040846
0.010 GeneticVariation BEFREE We hypothesized that this mutated stutter allele was clinically silent when combined with the wild type allele but aggravates the clinical severity of EBS caused by the E170K mutation on the other allele. 11973334

2002