GDM patients who carried the G54D mutation required insulin therapy more frequently (56.4 vs. 30.4%, chi(2) =5.83; P = 0.027) and had heavier infants (3326.4 +/- 546.9 vs. 3087.5 +/- 395.5 g; P < 0.05) than GDM women homozygous for the wild-type allele.
An association was found between G54D and GDM [odds ratio, 2.03 (1.18-3.49); P < 0.01], and this association remained significant when the presence of both mutated alleles was considered [odds ratio, 1.76 (1.04-2.96); P < 0.05] but not for the R52C.