Three variants returned significant results in populations with different ethnicities at p<0.05: <i>ACE</i> insertion, <i>AGT</i> rs699-T allele and <i>AGTR1</i> rs5186-A allele; each variant was associated with a reduced risk of CKD development.
Evaluation of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions using epistasis analysis revealed an interaction between AGT M235T and angiotensin II receptor type 1 A1166C in CKD (OR: 0.767; 95% CI: 0.609-0.965).
SNPs Met235Thr in angiotensinogen, T>C (-344) in aldosterone synthase, and G>A (-1903) in chymase genes are significantly associated with diabetic chronic renal insufficiency in Indian patients and warrant replication in larger sample sets.