The dominance of dehydration effects in relation to TSC is observed from the positive enthalpy changes in calorimetry studies and the negative chemical shifts in 1H NMR studies.
NMR and light-scattering data indicated that the nanogel core shrinks upon dehydration below T<sub>p</sub> and swells upon hydration above T<sub>p</sub>.
Here we report the observation of a triethyloxonium ion (TEO) in the dehydration of ethanol on zeolite H-ZSM-5 by using ex situ and in situ solid-state NMR spectroscopy.
Investigation of the chemical structure of the charred residue by FTIR and solid state NMR spectroscopy reveals the extensive graphitization of the carbohydrate as a result of dephosphorylation of the modified cellulose and further dehydration due to acidic catalytic effects.