AMD and diabetic retinopathy (DR) were graded based on the International ARM Epidemiological Study Group classification and International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Severity Scale, respectively.
The results show that APOE effects may be mediated early in the progression of ARM to AMD and thus may not be detected by standard genome scans for more severe disease.
The age-related maculopathy (ARM) genetics program at Columbia University utilizes comprehensive genetic analysis of candidate genes in large case-control studies to determine genotypes associated with the ARM complex trait.