The calcium-binding protein S100A4 promotes metastasis in several experimental animal models, including osteosarcoma (OS), and S100A4 protein expression is associated with patient outcome in a number of tumor types.
This cyclable modification of methylation requires costimulation with tumor growth factor-beta or expression of the calcium binding protein S100A2, which are known cofactors for enhancement of antiproliferative activity in ME15 cells.
The presence of the EF-hand-calcium-binding protein S100A4 in the carcinoma cells of the primary tumour is associated with a shorter survival time of a group of breast cancer patients.