Three different GRK isoforms (GRK2, GRK5, and GRK3) and two β-adrenoceptors (β1-AR and β2-AR) are present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and their expression changes as a consequence of the hemodynamic and neurohumoral alterations that occur in some cardiovascular diseases.
This highlights the need to focus not only on GRKs but also on β(1)- or β(2)-AR changes to completely understand the involvement of β-AR/GRK pathways in cardiovascular diseases.
Furthermore, rs1042713" genes_norm="154">Gly16Arg (rs1042713) and Gln27Glu (rs1042714) in the ADRB2 gene were not associated with blood pressure, hypertension or CVD either in the population overall or in women and men separately.
Results from studies investigating the association between polymorphisms in the beta2-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are controversial.
At present it appears to be clear that, for cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, coronary artery disease and chronic heart failure, beta(1)- and beta(2)-AR polymorphisms do not play a role as disease-causing genes; however, they might affect drug responses.
The Arg16Gly and the Gln27Glu polymorphisms in the gene for the beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR) have been linked to an increased risk for cardiovascular disease.