The objectives of this study are to assess the correlation between BMD and serum lipid levels, to determine independent variables associated with osteoporosis and osteopenia in men and postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
We aimed to examine the usefulness of combined evaluation by BMD and serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) to assess the risk of vertebral fracture (VF) in T2DM.
Finally, multi-trait fine mapping for the detected pleiotropic risk loci were conducted to identify the SNPs that have the highest probability of being causal for both FN_BMD and T2D.
Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the BMP2 gene, 2 SNPs in BMP4, and 16 SNPs in BMP7 were tested for association with measures of VC using CT (coronary and carotid arteries, abdominal aorta), and BMD was measured using DXA (lumbar spine, hip, and distal radius) and quantitative CT (QCT; thoracic and lumbar spine) in 920 European Americans from 374 Diabetes Heart Study families: 762 with type 2 diabetes.