To evaluate the real-world effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i) on the incidence of autoimmune diseases (AD), including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel diseases, multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Compared with use of other antidiabetic drugs, use of DPP-4 inhibitors was not associated with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis (82 vs. 79 per 100,000/year; HR = 1.0; 95% CI = 0.8, 1.3), with no evidence of duration-response relation.
The current study evaluated the association of DPP-IV enzymatic activity and its gene expression with disease activity and bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis.
As DPP-IV/CD26 is associated to factors triggering RA in the lung and periodontal tissue, these results suggest that Anti-CD26 isotypes may participate in pathogenesis and may be useful as biomarkers for earlier diagnosis and/or precision medicine.
Activity and expression of dipeptidyl peptidase IV on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with early steroid and disease modifying antirheumatic drugs naïve rheumatoid arthritis.
We conclude that, according to their CD26 expression, different cell subsets could serve to monitor RA course, and an uncharacterized T helper CD26- subset, not targeted by therapies, should be monitored for early diagnosis.