Tissue factor (TF) expressed at the protein level includes two isoforms: The membrane‑bound full‑length TF (flTF) and the soluble alternatively spliced TF (asTF). flTF is the major thrombogenic form of TF, whereas asTF is more closely associated with tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis and cell growth.
Thus, intracellular cholesterol imbalances mediated by ABCA1 overexpression may contribute to primary tumour growth and dissemination to distant locations.
The lowest tumor volumes, highest time to reach end points (TTE: 34.29±3.09 days) and tumor growth delay percent (TGD: 29.37%) were seen in mice that received PEGylated liposomes than free CTLA-4 blocking antibody treatment (TTE: 31.16±4.13 days, TGD: 17.57%).
In mice with myeloid-specific loss of ABCA1 (<i>Abca1<sup>-M/-M</sup></i> ; A1<sup>-M/-M</sup>), tumor growth was inhibited by ∼4.8-fold relative to wild type (WT) animals.
Moreover, we demonstrate that LXR activation reduces the growth of xenograft tumour of HOSCC cells in mice accompanied by the upregulation of ABCA1 expression and the decline of cholesterol levels in the tumour.
The combined expression pattern of ABCA1, ABCA5, and either ABCA8 or ABCA9 was associated with particularly poor outcome (mean overall survival in group with adverse ABCA1, ABCA5 and ABCA9 gene expression = 33.2 months, 95% CI = 26.4 to 40.1; vs 55.3 months in the group with favorable ABCA gene expression, 95% CI = 49.8 to 60.8; P = .001), independently of tumor stage or surgical debulking status.