A common gene variant in the LOXL1 enzyme, an enzyme critical for enhancing the tensile strength of collagen and elastin in extracellular matrices, has been found in approximately 90% of XFS cases.
Recently, two non-synonymous polymorphisms (rs1048661 G>T and rs3825942 G>A) of lysyl oxidase-like protein 1 (LOXL1), a monoamine oxidase that catalyzes the polymerization of tropoelastin to elastin, were found to be associated with increased risk for XFS and exfoliation glaucoma (XFG).
Our findings confirm genetic association of LOXL1 with XFG and XFS and implicate a potential role of cross linking of elastin in the pathogenesis of XFG.