|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
GAD autoantibody affinity and epitope specificity identify distinct immunization profiles in children at risk for type 1 diabetes.
|
17325256 |
2007 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
GAD and/or IA-2 antibodies were present in 80/98 (82%) patients with Type 1 diabetes and 5/508 (< 1%) patients with maturity-onset diabetes of the young.
|
21395678 |
2011 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
GAD vaccine reduces insulin loss in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes: findings from a Bayesian meta-analysis.
|
27704166 |
2017 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
GAD-alum given into lymph nodes to type 1 diabetes patients participating in an open-label pilot trial resulted in preservation of C-peptide similar to promising results from other trials.
|
30009185 |
2018 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
GAD is a major islet cell autoantigen in human type 1 diabetes mellitus.
|
8149657 |
1994 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
A 29-year-old man was observed to develop insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus following a 5-month treatment with recombinant alpha-2b-interferon for chronic hepatitis C. After the onset of the disease, serum samples that had, respectively, been collected before therapy commencement, at month 3, and at the onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were tested for islet-cell (ICA-IgG), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD-Abs), IA2 (IA2-Abs) and insulin (IA-Abs) autoantibodies.
|
9551692 |
1998 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
A European Phase III trial of GAD formulated with aluminium hydroxide (GAD-alum) failed to reach its primary endpoint (preservation of stimulated C-peptide secretion from baseline to 15 months in type 1 diabetes patients), but subgroup analysis showed a clinical effect when participants from Nordic countries were excluded, raising concern as to whether the mass vaccination of the Swedish and Finnish populations with the Pandemrix influenza vaccine could have influenced the study outcomes.
|
28357504 |
2017 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
A natural history analysis of three individuals showed conversions from ICA which was reactive to GAD to a non-GAD-reactive ICA nearer to their clinical onsets of IDD.
|
8423231 |
1993 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
A total of 150 infants with a first-degree family history of type 1 diabetes and a risk HLA genotype were randomly assigned to a first gluten exposure at age 6 months (control group) or 12 months (late-exposure group) and were followed 3 monthly until the age of 3 years and yearly thereafter for safety (for growth and autoantibodies to transglutaminase C [TGCAs]), islet autoantibodies to insulin, GAD, insulinoma-associated protein 2, and type 1 diabetes.
|
21515839 |
2011 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
All subjects were persistently positive for at least one of the T1D-associated biochemically defined autoantibodies (insulin autoantibody, GAD antibody, or IA-2 antibody), and 136 subjects presented with T1D over a median follow-up of 4.3 years (range 0.0-12.5) after the appearance of the first autoantibody.
|
22357962 |
2012 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Although it has been confirmed that insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a kind of autoimmune disease, islet cell autoantibodies (ICAs), insulin autoantibodies (IAA) and anti-GAD-glutamic acid decardaxylase antibodies have been found in the sera of patients with IDDM and immunotherapies have been used in some patients with IDDM, yet the manner in which the dysfunctional immunosystem acts on beta cells and causes damage to them remains to be clarified.
|
8143505 |
1993 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Although the level of GAD autoantibodies generally decline after IDDM onset, patients with IDDM-associated neuropathies have high levels of antibodies to GAD, years after the appearance of clinical IDDM.
|
1370298 |
1992 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Anti-GAD antibodies and ICA were rare, but 38.1% IT vs. 1.1% controls had Type 1 diabetes HLA susceptibility haplotypes (P < 0.001) without significant difference between the subgroups.
|
12358870 |
2002 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Antibodies to GAD and the tyrosine phosphatase-like protein 1A-2 were determined in sequential serum samples from 44 first-degree relatives of IDDM patients, identified as possessing islet cell antibody (ICA) and/or insulin autoantibody (IAA), who were followed prospectively for IDDM development, ICA, IAA, and antibodies to GAD and 1A-2 were also determined in 93 cases of new-onset nonfamilial IDDM.
|
9167107 |
1997 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
As IDDM-preventive therapies may be available in the future, an international effort is taking place to develop widely applicable anti-GAD immunochemical tests.
|
9208924 |
1997 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Association of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease with Anti-GAD Antibody ELISA Test Positivity and Risk for Insulin Deficiency in Slowly Progressive Type 1 Diabetes.
|
30116734 |
2018 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Association of CTLA-4 polymorphism with positive anti-GAD antibody in Japanese subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
|
10619986 |
1999 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Autoantibodies to insulin (IAA), GAD (GADA), insulinoma-associated antigen-2 (IA-2A) and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A) were measured in follow-up sera, and genotyping for type 1 diabetes susceptibility genes (HLA-DR/HLA-DQ, INS variable number of tandem repeats [VNTR] and single nucleotide polymorphisms at PTPN22, PTPN2, ERBB3, IL2, SH2B3, CTLA4, IFIH1, KIAA0350 [also known as CLEC16A], CD25, IL18RAP, IL10, COBL) was performed on the DNA samples of children born to a parent with type 1 diabetes and prospectively followed from birth for up to 22 years.
|
23539116 |
2013 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
GeneticVariation
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Autoantibodies to the 65-kDa isoform of GAD (GAD65Abs) are associated with type 1 diabetes development, but the conformational nature of the GAD65Ab epitopes complicates the evaluation of disease risk.
|
14578287 |
2003 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Different determinants in the HLA-DR locus contributed to the clinical onset of IDDM but not to GAD autoimmunity.
|
9404444 |
1997 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
During the median follow-up time of 57 months, 350 children developed at least one persistent IA (GAD antibody, IA-2A, or micro insulin autoantibodies) and 84 of them progressed to T1D.
|
25422107 |
2015 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Entry criteria were a first-degree family history of Type 1 diabetes, age 3-40 years, confirmed islet cell antibody (ICA) levels greater than or equal to 20 JDF units, and a non-diabetic OGTT; the study group was further characterised by intravenous glucose tolerance testing, measurement of antibodies to GAD, IA-2 and insulin and HLA class II genotyping.
|
12687331 |
2003 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Evaluate the added value of screening anti-ZnT8 antibodies (ZnT8A) in addition to the classical anti-GAD (GADA) and anti-IA-2 (IA-2A) antibodies for the diagnosis of type-1 diabetes (T1D) within a large cohort of both children and adults.
|
29288641 |
2018 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Evidence that HLA class I and II associations with type 1 diabetes, autoantibodies to GAD and autoantibodies to IA-2, are distinct.
|
21831970 |
2011 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
|
0.100 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
GAD65, but not GAD67, is a prevalent autoantigen, with autoantibodies to GAD65 being detected at high frequency in patients with autoimmune (type 1) diabetes and certain other autoimmune disorders.
|
24927554 |
2014 |