Intra-platelet Gremlin-1 levels were significantly decreased in ACS patients as compared to stable CAD (n=235). rhGremlin-1 also counteracted the anti-apoptotic and anti-thrombotic effects of rhMIF on platelets.
The counterbalance of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and Gremlin-1 is a useful tool to predict the acuity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and plaque stability.
Grem1 levels were significantly higher in ACS and stable CAD patients compared to healthy control (ACS: median 211.00; IQR 130.47 ng/ml; SAP: median 220.20; IQR 120.93 ng/ml, versus healthy control: median 90.57; IQR 97.68 ng/ml, p < 0.001).