|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Among the gastrointestinal hormones, the incretins: glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 have attracted interest because of their importance for the development and therapy of type 2 diabetes and obesity.
|
31815785 |
2020 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Initial interest in the therapeutic use of GIP was dampened by evidence that its insulinotropic activity was reduced in type 2 diabetes and by reports that it increased glucagon secretion and adipose deposition in non-diabetic individuals.
|
31756366 |
2020 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
In line with this, the insulinotropic effects of GIP and GLP-1 are impaired in patients with type 2 diabetes, even when administered in supraphysiological doses.
|
31693916 |
2020 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
However, GIP stimulates glucagon secretion even at hyperglycemia in people with T2D, suggesting that inappropriate GIPR activity in α-cells contributes to the pathogenesis of T2D.
|
31785304 |
2020 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Recent studies with a GIP receptor antagonist suitable for human studies have confirmed these concepts regarding the actions of endogenous GIP and point to potential beneficial metabolic effects of GIP receptor antagonists rather than agonist in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
|
31838219 |
2020 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
DPP-4 inhibitors reduce degradation of GIP, and although the insulinotropic effects of GIP are impaired in patients with T2D, they can be at least partially restored if glycaemic control is improved.
|
31706956 |
2020 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
In various models, GIP has effects on glucagon secretion, bone and lipid homeostasis, but whether these effects contribute substantially to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes is at present controversial.
|
31682875 |
2020 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
This review will discuss the physiological effects of GIP on fat metabolism in human adipose and other non-adipose tissues such as liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle and heart, describe where the actions of GIP may contribute to the pathophysiology of obesity, T2D and NAFLD and finally describe the therapeutic implications of GIP antagonism and agonism in these conditions.
|
31759125 |
2020 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
A synthetic monomeric peptide triple receptor agonist, termed "Triagonist" that incorporates glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon (Gcg) actions, was previously developed to improve upon metabolic and glucose regulatory benefits of single and dual receptor agonists in rodent models of diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes.
|
31730763 |
2020 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
In this review, we summarize the known aspects of the effects of GIP on beta and other islet cells and discuss the most recent developments on GIP-based therapeutic agents for the improvement of beta cell function in T2D patients.
|
31751656 |
2020 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Lastly, we discuss how dysmetabolic conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes may shift the actions of GIP in an atherogenic direction, and we provide a perspective on the therapeutic potential of GIP receptor agonism and antagonism in cardiovascular diseases.
|
31689454 |
2020 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
These results show PPARγ agonists regulate GIP-R expression through PPRE in human adipocytes, but suggests this mechanism is not important for regulation of the insulinotropic effect of GIP in subjects with T2DM.
|
31757794 |
2020 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Rapid tachyphylaxis in response to continuous exposure to slightly supraphysiological concentrations of GIP does not explain the reduced insulinotropic response to GIP infusions in patients with type 2 diabetes or their first-degree relatives.
|
31669136 |
2020 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Aging is associated with reductions in fasting GLP-1 and GIP, and glucose-stimulated GLP-1, which may predispose to the development of glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes.
|
31393567 |
2019 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Comparative Effects of Proximal and Distal Small Intestinal Glucose Exposure on Glycemia, Incretin Hormone Secretion, and the Incretin Effect in Health and Type 2 Diabetes.
|
30765429 |
2019 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are important regulators of metabolism, making their receptors (GLP-1R and GIPR) attractive targets in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
|
31330984 |
2019 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Despite improving beta-cell function, insulin resistance and glucagonemia, short-term IIT does not change GLP-1 secretion and decreases the GIP response to an oral glucose challenge in early type 2 diabetes.
|
29395808 |
2019 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
This has raised an interesting discussion of whether GIP agonists or antagonists are most suitable for future treatment of T2DM together with GLP-1-based therapies.
|
31299132 |
2019 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
It is not clear that NNS consumption has an effect on the incidence of type 2 diabetes or on glycaemic control even though there is some evidence for the modification of the microbiome and for interaction with sweet taste receptors in the oral cavity and the intestines' modification of secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), ghrelin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which may affect glycaemia following consumption of NNS.
|
31741078 |
2019 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
A dual incretin receptor agonist designed to co-activate GLP-1 and GIP receptors was recently shown to elicit robust improvements of glycemic control (mean haemoglobin A1c reduction of 1.94%) and massive body weight loss (mean weight loss of 11.3 kg) after 26 weeks of treatment with the highest dose (15 mg once weekly) in a clinical trial including overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
|
31443356 |
2019 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Unlike GIP, this peptide had preserved effects in patients with type 2 diabetes and it was soon documented to have powerful antidiabetic effects in clinical studies.
|
31080438 |
2019 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone used therapeutically in type 2 diabetes and obesity.
|
30726969 |
2019 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
However, exogenous GIP has less potent biological effects compared with another incretin hormone, GLP-1, which limits its use for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
|
31061246 |
2019 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Especially the remarkable increase in postprandial plasma levels of the gut-derived incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) - with not only a potent insulinotropic effect, but also a glucagonostatic effect - is believed to contribute to the metabolic improvements and the early remission of type 2 diabetes seen after RYGB.
|
31370002 |
2019 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.300 |
Biomarker
|
disease |
BEFREE |
It is more resistant to enzymatic degradation by dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 and has a longer half-life than the endogenous GLP-1; thus, it is further developed as an incretin hormone analogue used to treat T2DM.
|
30417596 |
2019 |