Splinted teeth did not show significantly increased risk of tooth loss compared with non-splinted teeth (HR; 95% CI: 1.30; 0.87-1.93); while age (1.07; 1.05-1.09), PPD >6 mm (4.24; 1.26-14.31), bone loss (mean HR was 5.07-15.36 depending on severity), tooth location (posterior versus anterior teeth: HR 2.08; 1.24-3.49) and the number of occlusal contact areas (mean HR was 4.38-17.34 depending on the number of antagonistic contact areas) were associated with tooth loss.
The aim was to compare the clinical (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing pocket depth [PPD] and clinical attachment loss [CAL]) and radiographic (marginal bone loss [MBL]) periodontal parameters and whole salivary cotinine, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels among cigarette-smokers, waterpipe-smokers, E-cig users and never-smokers.