Serum GPC1 levels in PDAC were different from those in gallbladder carcinoma (P < 0.001), colorectal carcinoma (P < 0.001), gastric carcinoma (P < 0.001), and prostate cancer (P < 0.001), but not hepatocellular carcinoma (P = 0.395) and cholangiocarcinoma (P = 0.724).
We conclude that GPC1 can be a biomarker for relapse of stage III CRC and may be involved in EMT activation, invasion, and migration of colorectal cancer cells.
The percentage of GPC1<sup>+</sup> exosomes and the GPC1 protein expression in exosomes from tumour tissues and plasma of CRC patients before surgical treatment was significantly elevated compared to that in the peritumoural tissues and the plasma of healthy controls. miR-96-5p and miR-149 expression in tumour tissues and plasma of CRC patients as well as in the GPC1<sup>+</sup> exosomes from CRC patients were significantly decreased compared to that in the peritumoural tissues and the plasma of healthy controls.