In addition, single-cell gene expression profiling as well as a Sox2 reporter breast cancer cell line were used to validate the role of dedifferentiation mediated by progranulin.
GP88/Progranulin is a well-recognized cell growth promoter in different cancers, and elevated serum GP88 levels have been described as negative prognostic factor in breast cancer.
This study examines HTAs of an early clinical example of Personalized Medicine (gene expression profile tests [GEP] for breast cancer prognosis) aiming to: (i) identify ELSI; (ii) assess whether ELSIs are implicitly or explicitly addressed; and (iii) report methodology used for ELSI integration.
Taken together, these results suggest that the LPA activation of PGRN involving the ERK pathway is critical to promote MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell invasion.
Progranulin contributes to tumorigenesis in diverse cancers, including breast cancer, clear cell renal carcinoma, invasive ovarian carcinoma and glioblastoma.
Northern and Western blot analyses indicated that PCDGF mRNA and protein expression was low in nontumorigenic cells and increased in human breast carcinomas cell lines in a positive correlation with their tumorigenicity.
The results presented here provide evidence of a novel estradiol responsive gene product in human breast cancer cell lines and give information about the hormonal control of epithelin/granulin (PCDGF) expression in these cells.