In addition, specificity of these markers in relation to other small vessel diseases including prion CAA, CADASIL, CARASAL and hypertension related small vessel disease was assessed using immunohistochemistry.Increased levels of clusterin (CLU), apolipoprotein E (APOE) and serum amyloid P-component (APCS) were observed in AD cases with CAA.
Furthermore, an eight-protein panel that included brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), angiotensinogen (AGT), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2), osteopontin (OPN), cathepsin D, serum amyloid P component (SAP), complement C4, and prealbumin (transthyretin, TTR) showed the highest determinative score for AD and healthy controls (all <i>P</i> = 0.00).
Here we report that, after introduction of transgenic human SAP expression in the TASTPM double transgenic mouse model of AD, all the amyloid deposits contained human SAP.
Thus, SAP enhances the induction of murine amyloidosis and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of human amyloidoses, including Alzheimer's disease.