Injection site reactions (ISRs) and influenza-like illness are the most common adverse effects of interferon beta therapies and can present a burden for MS patients leading to non-adherence and discontinuation of therapy.
Interferon beta (IFN-β) benefits patients with MS and reduces symptoms of the RR-MS. MxA is induced by type I interferon and predicts IFN-β response in MS patients.
The humoral immune response to IFN-β observed in MS patients as a result of IFN-β therapy is a multifactorial process that is influenced by ADA titers, affinity maturation, and IgG subclass switching.
In this study, IFNβ-1b-treated MS patient gene expression profiles and biological knowledgebases were integrated to study IFNβ's pleiotropic mechanisms of action.
R(+)WIN55,212-2 also induces IFN-β expression in MS patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells, whereas down-regulating inflammatory signaling in these cells.