Additionally, experimental evidence suggests a role of IL-1 in kidney disease and hypertension and targeting IL-1 showed promising results in high cardiovascular risk patients, hemodialysis and renal transplantation patients.
HC shows the strongest effect on risk of MI in addition to HTN; gender and smoking status while drinking status shows protective effect on MI. rs16944 (gene IL-1β) and rs17222772 (gene ALOX) increase the risks of HC, while rs17231896 (gene CETP) has protective effects on HC either with or without the clinical, behavioral, demographic factors with different effect sizes that may indicate the existence of moderate or modifiable effects.