Plasma cytokine concentrations increased profoundly during endotoxaemia (control group: tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α] from 14 [9-16] pg ml<sup>-1</sup> at baseline to 480 [284-709] pg ml<sup>-1</sup> at 1.5 h after LPS; interleukin-6 [IL-6] from 4 [4-4] pg ml<sup>-1</sup> at baseline to 659 [505-1018] pg ml<sup>-1</sup> at 2 h after LPS).
The α7 nAChR partial agonist GTS-21 reduces secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL6) and tumor-necrosis factor (TNF) in models of endotoxemia and sepsis, and its anti-inflammatory effects are widely ascribed to α7 nAChR activation.
LAH also significantly reduced the concentration of tumour cell necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in both serum and colon and decreased the level of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in serum and feces, leading to reduced systematic inflammation and metabolic endotoxemia.
20TT in the heat increased I-FABP and elevated inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) compared to pre-exercise values but did not result in endotoxemia.
In vivo, levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα in the lungs and liver were markedly reduced during endotoxemia in IL-37Tg mice but not observed in IL-37D20ATg mice.