Related reports indicate multiple sources of IL-9 besides Th9 cells and their association with the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and food allergy.
In conclusion, the expansion of the Th9 cell subset, up-regulation of the PU.1 transcription factor and increased secretion of the IL-9 cytokine may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD, which may be supported by the increased release of VEGF by keratinocyes after IL-9 stimulation.
In this study, we identified a positive association between interleukin-9 (IL-9) and TSLP concentration in the serum of infants with atopic dermatitis.
These results imply that functional interactions between IL-9 and mast cells leading to VEGF release contribute to the initiation/propagation of the pathogenesis of AD, a skin inflammatory disease.
Expression of IL-12 p40 mRNA was significantly enhanced in lesional skin from atopic dermatitis and strongly down-regulated after treatment with topical corticosteroids for 9 to 10 days.