Dietary chokeberry and dried jujube fruit attenuates high-fat and high-fructose diet-induced dyslipidemia and insulin resistance via activation of the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt pathway in C57BL/6 J mice.
Chia seeds normalized insulin stimulated GLUT-4 transporter, the abundance of IRS-1 and pAMPK, changed the profile of fatty acid phospholipids, reduced left-ventricle collagen deposition and normalized hypertension and dyslipidemia.
Notably, the body-fat-decreasing allele near IRS1 is associated with decreased IRS1 expression and with an impaired metabolic profile, including an increased visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, risk of diabetes and coronary artery disease and decreased adiponectin levels.
Common polymorphisms in the PC-1, insulin receptor substrate 1 and 2, and PPAR-gamma 2 genes have been linked to insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia, although the results have not been consistent.
Beta-3-adrenergic receptor (beta-3-AR) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and in obesity related increase in insulin resistance which is associated with, among other diseases, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
In conclusion, IRS-1 972 had an increased prevalence in subjects with insulin resistance, with or without dyslipidaemia. beta 3-AR 64 was associated with increased obesity but not with insulin resistance or dyslipidaemia.