Moreover, morusin inhibited TPA-induced activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation, which can mediate cell proliferation and malignant transformation.
The proto-oncogene c-Jun is a component of activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor complexes that regulates processes essential for embryonic development, tissue homeostasis and malignant transformation.
We previously demonstrated a reduction in basal AP-1 transcriptional activity associated with the malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells that was, in part, a consequence of decreased c-fos expression.
The proto-oncogene C-jun acts as a transcriptional activator or repressor for numerous cellular genes, and the overexpression of these genes may cause malignant transformation.