This study tested the hypothesis that vascular endothelial growth factor A and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 contribute to bone cancer pain regulation associated with spinal central sensitization.
To investigate the clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in osteosarcoma, we analyzes their expression levels in 93 osteosarcoma specimens by immunohistochemistry.
It has been reported that VEGFR expression correlates with the outcome of patients with osteosarcoma and circulating VEGF level has been associated with the development of lung metastasis.