In the prospective population-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities(ARIC) Study, we used Cox proportional hazards regression models to investigate the association in 4195 middle-aged adults of plasma HK and PK concentrations in 1993-95 (linearly and in quartiles) with incident coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, and heart failure through 2016.
Vasorelaxant responses of human coronary microarteries from subjects without coronary disease to des-Arg(9)-bradykinin and to bradykinin were studied in organ bath experiments.
Novel insights into the critical role of bradykinin and the kinin B2 receptor for vascular recruitment of circulating endothelial repair-promoting mononuclear cell subsets: alterations in patients with coronary disease.
Correspondingly, the BK-2R protein level was significantly reduced in both the IDC and CHD hearts (45% and 62% of control values, respectively) and apparently involved all myocardial cell types.
Genetic variations in the renin-angiotensin and kallikrein-kinin systems could prove to be significant pathophysiological mechanisms affecting coronary heart disease (CHD), particularly given the powerful vasoactivity of products such as angiotensin II and bradykinin.