Univariate analyses and predefined multivariable models were performed to determine the association between cardiac biomarkers (positive troponin [troponin ≥0.1 ng/mL] and LAD on transthoracic echocardiogram) and LVO adjusting for demographic factors (age and sex), risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, history of stroke, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, and smoking), and atrial fibrillation (AF).
Patients with insulin deficient diabetes (CPEP<sub>low</sub>; n = 503) had higher HbA<sub>1c</sub> but otherwise lower cardiometabolic risk (lower BMI, BP, LDL, triacylglycerol, and ALT, and higher HDL) than both patients with latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA defined as GAD<sub>pos</sub>CPEP<sub>high</sub>; n = 327) and patients with type 2 diabetes (GAD<sub>neg</sub>CPEP<sub>high</sub>; n = 3544).
In multilocus haplotype analysis, the association between frequencies of the haplotypes and AF risk was showed in AGT gene (rs7539020-rs3789678), compared 'TT' haplotype with the common 'TC' haplotype, adjusted for age, gender, LVEF, LVEDD, LAD and frequency of hypertension and diabetes.
We previously demonstrated the presence of two different populations among adult-onset autoimmune diabetes (latent autoimmume diabetes of adults; LADA) having high or low titre of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA).
This study aims to explore whether diabetes mellitus from T1DM, through LADA, to T2DM presents a continuous spectrum in terms of HLA-DQ genetic background.
Although the exact pathogenesis of LADA is unknown and questions the role of autoimmunity in beta cell failure, the familial aggregation of these two forms of diabetes underlines the existence of common roots, i.e. immune mechanisms and genetic susceptibility.
Ninety-eight patients with type 1 diabetes (median age, 35 years; range, 9-89 years and 51 patients with latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA; median age, 48 years; range, 19-79 years) were compared with 113 healthy control patients (median age, 35 years; range, 19-65 years) to study the importance of MICA-microsatellite polymorphism and HLA-DR-DQ as genetic risk factors for diabetes.