Furthermore, the SCC-derived cell lines SCC25 and HeLa that are sensitive to lovastatin-induced apoptosis also preferentially induce ATF3 expression compared to resistant breast (MCF-7) and prostate carcinoma (PC3)-derived cell lines.
Taken together, our results demonstrate that SUMO modification of ATF3 influences CCND1/2 activity and cellular proliferation of prostate cancer PC3 and DU145 cells and explains at least in part how ATF3 functions to regulate cancer development.
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a common mediator of cellular stress response signaling and is often aberrantly expressed in prostate cancer.
Our immunohistochemical analysis on prostate cancer specimens revealed that nuclear expression of ATF3 was inversely correlated to Drg-1 expression and positively correlated to metastases.