However, multivariate analysis was not able to identify any independent risk factor for survival in the cohort of FAB-M4 and -M5 patients, including peripheral white blood cell count, bone marrow blast percentage, MYH11-CBFβ, FLT3-ITD, mutations in NPM1 and DNMT3A, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).
GATA2 mutations were closely associated with younger age, FAB M1 subtype, intermediate-risk cytogenetics, expression of HLA-DR, CD7, CD15, or CD34 on leukemic cells, and CEBPA mutation, but negatively associated with FAB M4 subtype, favorable-risk cytogenetics, and NPM1 mutation.
NPM1 mutations were significantly associated with normal karyotype (p = 0.001), high WBC count (p = 0.034), AML-M4 subtype (p = 0.039) and a gradient increase of mutation rate with the increase in age groups.