The E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch regulates antibody levels and prevents autoimmune disease in humans and mice, yet how Itch regulates B cell fate or function is unknown.
The E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXW7 has been well characterized in cancer as a tumor suppressor that can promote the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of various oncoproteins; however, the potential role of FBXW7 in autoimmune diseases is unclear.
Perturbation of the PI3K-PKB pathway, or the loss of negative regulators of T cell activation, such as the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b, have been reported to lead to increased susceptibility to autoimmunity.
E3 ubiquitin ligase Casitas B cell lymphoma-b (Cbl-b) has been recently highlighted as a negative regulator of T-cell activation and which dysfunction usually results in autoimmunity.