Although not sufficient on its own, IDH1<sup>R132H</sup> cooperated with PDGFA and loss of Cdkn2a, Atrx, and Pten to promote glioma development in vivo.
These predictions were validated using mouse modeling, showing that PDGFA is sufficient to induce proneural-like gliomas and that additional NF1 loss converts proneural to the mesenchymal subtype.
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used to amplify sequences coding for the platelet-derived growth factor A chain (PDGFA) using mRNA populations derived from two transformed cell lines (a human osteosarcoma, U-2OS, and a human glioma, U-343) and from human umbilical vein cells.
When data on PDGF A- and B-chains, as well as alpha- and beta-receptor expression are compiled and the pattern of receptor binding specificity is taken into account, the majority of glioma cell lines are found to have a phenotype that makes autocrine stimulation possible.