Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 1 (CDKL1) is a member of cell division control protein 2 (CDC-2)-related serine threonine protein kinase family, and is reported to be overexpressed in malignant tumors such as breast cancer and gastric cancer.
CRIP1 knockdown in the T47D and BT474 breast cancer cell lines led to the increased phosphorylation of MAPK and Akt, to the reduced phosphorylation of cdc2, and to a significantly elevated cell proliferation in vitro (p < 0.001).
Cyclin-dependent kinase 10 (CDK10) is a member of the Cdc2 family of kinases, and has been demonstrated to be an important determinant of resistance to endocrine therapy for breast cancer.
In addition, the overexpressions of p16 and p53 may play important roles in more aggressive tumor and the overexpression of cdc2 is associated with progression of tumor to a higher grade of breast carcinomas.
Using data/samples collected from the first 752 Caucasians and 141 African-Americans in an ongoing case-control study, we examined the association between breast cancer risk and 18 non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in four DNA repair pathways-(i) base excision repair: ADPRT V762A, APE1 D148E, XRCC1 R194W/R280H/R399Q and POLD1R119H; (ii) nucleotide excision repair: ERCC2 D312N/K751Q, ERCC4 R415Q, ERCC5 D1104H and XPC A499V/K939Q; (iii) mismatch repair: MLH1 I219V, MSH3 R940Q/T1036A and MSH6 G39E and (iv) double-strand break repair: NBS1 E185Q and XRCC3 T241M.
We identified from breast cancer tissues a novel variant of human CDC2, termed CDC2deltaT, that lacks 171 nucleotides corresponding to 57 amino acids, which compose most of the T-loop.