We determined the time window of therapeutic opportunity and examined the ability of the PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662 to reverse OA's protective effects after MCAO.
We further found that the expression of Arg-1 was also upregulated in those tPA and RSG-treated stroke mice and the protection against tPA-induced HT and BBB disruption in these mice were abolished in the presence of PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662 (4 mg/kg, 1 hour before dMCAO through intraperitoneal injection).
Furthermore, our results demonstrated that luteoloside significantly suppressed the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, upregulated the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and increased NF-E2-related factor (Nrf2) nuclear accumulation in MCAO rats.
This study aimed to explore the effect of telmisartan (TEL), as a partial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist, in vascular dementia (VaD) rats induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).