In addition, VE-Cad-Cre<sup>ERT2+</sup>/Panx1<sup>fl/fl</sup> mice (tamoxifen-inducible deletion of Panx1 in vascular endothelium) treated with tamoxifen were significantly protected from IRI (reduced dysfunction, endothelial permeability, edema, proinflammatory cytokines, and neutrophil infiltration) versus vehicle-treated mice.
Collectively, treatment with BE remarkably attenuates the pathogenesis of PAH, and the protection of BE may be associated with suppressing Akt/Erk1/2/GSK3[Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]-catenin/ET-1/ET<sub>A</sub>R signaling and preventing endothelial dysfunction.
AGEs cause endothelial dysfunction by a mechanism associated with decreased eNOS expression and increased oxidative stress in HCAECs through activation of p38 and ERK1/2.