Moreover, tissue microarray (TMA) analyses of clinical tumor specimens revealed that up to 45.6% of cases of MIBC presented with low ZAP expression, a finding that is prevalent in advanced MIBC.
In patients with HCC and HBV infection, ZAP expression was related to pathological grade (P < 0.05); in HBV-negative patients with HCC, ZAP expression was associated with tumor size (P < 0.05) and clinical stage (P < 0.05).
Serum from treated mice was used to screen an AGN2a cDNA expression library that was constructed with lambda ZAP express vector in order to identify tumor-associated antigens by SEREX.