Annexin A2-S100A10 heterotetramer is upregulated by PML/RARα fusion protein and promotes plasminogen-dependent fibrinolysis and matrix invasion in acute promyelocytic leukemia.
Hypermethylation of the CDH1 was significantly associated with primary breast tumors demonstrating lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.008), infiltrating ductal histology (P = 0.03), and negative for the estrogen receptor (P = 0.005), whereas RASSF1A and RAR-beta2 gene hypermethylation were significantly more common in estrogen receptor-positive (P < 0.001) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (P < 0.001) tumors, respectively.
Therefore, we used scanning electron microscopy to examine the invasive behavior of several aggressive tumor cell lines, A2058 melanoma cells, and SCC and FaDu squamous cell carcinomas through these matrices; and we monitored the ability of all-trans retinoic acid and several RAR-specific ligands to block invasion.