A standardized 6-day low-sodium diet was used to stimulate renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation, and serum lipocalin 2 and biomarkers of inflammation and cardiac stretch were assessed among persons with or without HIV.
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) has been reported to induce podocyte injury through down regulation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and activation of renin angiotensin system; however, the involved mechanism is not clear.
Studies are also summarized in which antisense RNA has been used to develop more effective therapies for infections with certain viruses such as the human immunodeficiency virus and the virus of hepatitis B, and data are reviewed suggesting new approaches to reduce elevated blood pressure using antisense RNA directed to proteins and receptors from the renin-angiotensin system.